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RAG

RAG Pipeline

Definition

A RAG pipeline is the complete system for Retrieval-Augmented Generation, including document ingestion, chunking, embedding, indexing, retrieval, and generation components working together.

Why It Matters

Understanding the full RAG pipeline is essential for building effective knowledge-powered AI applications. Each component affects overall performance - weak chunking leads to poor retrieval, poor retrieval leads to irrelevant context, and irrelevant context leads to hallucinations or low-quality answers.

Pipeline Components

Ingestion Phase:

  1. Loading: Ingest documents from various sources (PDFs, web, databases)
  2. Chunking: Split documents into retrievable pieces
  3. Embedding: Convert chunks to vector representations
  4. Indexing: Store vectors in a vector database

Query Phase:

  1. Query Processing: Embed and optionally transform the user query
  2. Retrieval: Find relevant chunks via similarity search
  3. Reranking: (Optional) Reorder results for relevance
  4. Generation: Use retrieved context to generate the answer

Optimization Tips

Start simple and add complexity as needed. Measure each component separately. Common issues: chunk size too large/small, insufficient retrieval (k), or poor prompt design for the generation step.